Climate scientists, who have warned of the dangers of global warming for decades, have found some countries to listen. This week, representatives of more than 50 nations gathered in Santa Marta, Colombia, at what was billed as the first global summit on phasing out fossil fuels. One of the first orders of business was to launch a panel of scientists that will advise those countries on how to shift to clean energy. 'Here, you have a coalition of governments that decided they actually want to be informed by the science,' says Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh, an international climate-change law specialist at the University of Amsterdam. The landmark meeting, which began on 24 April and concluded yesterday, was proposed during last year's United Nations COP30 climate summit in Belem, Brazil. Oil-producing nations such as Saudi Arabia reportedly opposed attempts at that gathering to create a road map to cut the use of fossil fuels, which are the main source of global greenhouse-gas emissions and the largest contributor to climate change....

Because the past three years have shattered temperature records (see 'Temperature boost'), researchers have been exploring whether global warming is accelerating, and if so, why. Many scientists agree that the rate at which it is increasing has picked up. This is mainly because of a reduction in air pollution following the introduction of fuel regulations for international shipping (which has resulted in fewer pollutant particles that reflect sunlight into space and seed insulating clouds). In the data, 'you can practically see by eye that it has accelerated', says Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. Rahmstorf and Grant Foster, a statistician in Orono, Maine, say they have the strongest evidence yet that global warming has sped up, to a rate of around 0.35 'C per decade. That's faster than some other estimates2. But, the pair say their analysis captures a more accurate picture because of the way it accounts for and removes the effects of natural factors, such as weather events and volcanic eruptions, that cause climate fluctuations. The study was published today in Geophysical Research Letters1....

Dozens of researchers from around the world are now part of a scientific group that will analyse the impacts of artificial intelligence. Observers have compared the group, called the Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence and convened by the United Nations, to the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which informs governments about the latest climate-change science. For more than 35 years, it has amassed evidence showing that current global warming is caused mostly by human activity. The AI panel's 40 members, approved in a vote by the UN's General Assembly on 12 February, are from 37 nations. The UN says the panel will act 'as an early-warning system and evidence engine, helping distinguish between hype and reality' and produce 'policy-relevant' reports. The panel is not the first prominent group to study AI impacts; the Global Partnership on AI and the International AI Safety Report are some of the most significant so far. But the UN group is 'much bigger in scope and is truly global', says Wendy Hall, a computer scientist at the University of Southampton, UK. Hall was a member of the panel's governance-specific precursor, the UN High-level Advisory Body on AI, which ran between 2023 and 2024....

Volcanoes and wildfires can inject millions of tons of gases and aerosol particles into the air, affecting temperatures on a global scale. But picking out the specific impact of individual events against a background of many contributing factors is like listening for one person's voice from across a crowded concourse. In a study appearing this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers report that they detected statistically significant changes in global atmospheric temperatures in response to three major natural events: the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, the Australian wildfires in 2019-2020, and the eruption of the underwater volcano Hunga Tonga in the South Pacific in 2022. While the specifics of each event differed, all three events appeared to significantly affect temperatures in the stratosphere. The stratosphere lies above the troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, closest to the surface, where global warming has accelerated in recent years. In the new study, Pinatubo showed the classic pattern of stratospheric warming paired with tropospheric cooling. The Australian wildfires and the Hunga Tonga eruption also showed significant warming or cooling in the stratosphere, respectively, but they did not produce a robust, globally detectable tropospheric signal over the first two years following each event. This new understanding will help scientists further pin down the effect of human-related emissions on global temperature change....