From producing human-like text, generating new forms of digital art and effortlessly automating laborious tasks, Generative AI has shown unprecedented potential for transforming creative, technical and knowledge work. It is already profoundly impacting most industries. Meanwhile, considerable new threats and risks have started to emerge and materialize from its widespread use: jobs displacement, misinformation and disinformation and deepfakes all have serious consequences on society, economy and national and international security. Countries are beginning to recognize the dual-use nature of GenAI. They acknowledge its potential as well as its risks, and the profound implications for their economic growth as well as national security. As one would expect, an increasing number of countries are actively planning and building their own AI infrastructure, capabilities and industry in order to gear up their competitiveness and safeguard their future. They are developing what they consider...
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