Sustainability and equity are two sides of the same coin. Equity is a prerequisite for a sustainable ocean economy, where humanity safeguards marine and coastal ecosystems, sustainably uses ocean resources, and ensures equitable distribution of benefits ' especially for the more than 3 billion people who depend on marine resources for their livelihoods. Policy decisions made about the ocean not only impact the health of marine ecosystems, but also the rights and well-being of the communities that depend on the ocean for food, livelihoods, cultural value and coastal protection. Access to ocean resources is limited and distributed inequitably. A small number of national actors and corporations dominate the ocean economy and capture many of its benefits. For instance, five high-income countries are responsible for 86 percent of all fishing on the high seas (China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and Spain) and 13 seafood companies control 11 to 16 percent of the global catch. At the same...
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